What is the condition?

The acromioclavicular (AC) joint is where the collarbone (clavicle) meets the top of the shoulder blade (acromion). An AC joint injury refers to damage to the ligaments that hold this joint together, usually caused by a fall or direct blow to the shoulder.​

 

What are the symptoms?

· Pain at the top of the shoulder, especially after a fall

· Swelling or a visible bump over the AC joint

· Pain when lifting the arm or reaching across the body

· Clicking, catching, or weakness in the shoulder​

 

What are the risk factors?

· Contact sports (e.g. rugby, football, cycling)

· Falls directly onto the shoulder

· Previous shoulder or clavicle injuries

· Poor shoulder muscle strength or coordination​

 

How is it diagnosed?

· A clinical examination will check for tenderness, swelling, and shoulder movement

· X-rays help assess the severity and grade of the injury

​​

What are the treatment options?

· Most AC joint injuries are treated non-operatively with rest, a sling, and physiotherapy

· Ice and anti-inflammatory medications help reduce pain and swelling

· Surgery is reserved for more severe injuries or if symptoms persist despite treatment

​​

When is surgery required?

· If the injury is a high-grade dislocation (Grade 4–6)

· When the clavicle is significantly displaced and unstable

· For athletes or labourers who need reliable shoulder strength

· If ongoing pain or weakness persists despite non-surgical treatment

​​

What happens if this condition is left untreated?

· Minor injuries often heal without complication

· Moderate to severe injuries may result in persistent pain, deformity, or loss of function if not treated properly

· Chronic instability or weakness can develop in some cases

​​

What are the expected outcomes of surgery?

· Surgery aims to restore stability and alignment of the AC joint

· Most patients experience improved function and reduced pain

· A small bump at the joint may remain but usually does not cause issues

· Some residual discomfort may persist, especially in overhead or heavy use

​

What does the rehabilitation/recovery involve?

To find out more about rehabilitation and recovery after shoulder surgery please see our Rehabilitation Protocols here.

​